--- description: Discover the five best applicant tracking system (ATS) software options based on the user ratings of companies headquartered in the UK. image: https://gdm-localsites-assets-gfprod.imgix.net/images/capterra/og_logo-e5a8c001ed0bd1bb922639230fcea71a.png?auto=format%2Cenhance%2Ccompress title: 5 Best applicant tracking systems in the UK --- # 5 best applicant tracking systems in the UK Canonical: https://www.capterra.co.uk/blog/3253/Best-applicant-tracking-systems-in-the-UK Published on 18/01/2024 | Written by Eduardo Garcia, David Jani. ![5 best applicant tracking systems in the UK](https://images.ctfassets.net/63bmaubptoky/4CCYAsP58qhLeXqddn4DBI/b27403cea459ceea02b34f5cdfe34467/best-applicant-tracking-systems-UK-Capterra-HEADER.png) > This article was originally published on 05/12/2022. Explore our top five best-rated picks for applicant tracking software in the UK. Each tool has a minimum average overall rating of 4.5/5 stars and over 20 reviews over the past two years. ----- ## Article Content This article was originally published on 05/12/2022.Explore our top five best-rated picks for applicant tracking software in the UK. Each tool has a minimum average overall rating of 4.5/5 stars and over 20 reviews over the past two years.What we will cover1. Applied2. Eploy3. EVA-REC4. Firefish5. Talos ATSHow to choose the right applicant tracking system for your businessApplicant tracking software (ATS) is designed to streamline the work of recruiters through automations, candidate progress tracking, customisations, integrations, and analytics. Such tools are suitable for various kinds of enterprises and industries, including banking, healthcare, education, and government organisations. Some common features of these tools include:Sourcing qualified candidatesCollecting, filtering, scoring and matching applicant data against skill requirementsEnhancing candidate engagement and improving the application experienceOptimising the onboarding process and reducing employee turnoverHelping remove unconscious bias and improve diversity through tools such as automationStreamlining assessments and background checksImproving visibility and collaboration across human resources (HR) departments and teamsIn terms of adoption and industry outlook, a MarketsAndMarkets report forecasts a global market size worth US$3.2 billion for ATS tools by 2026. This growth is likely spurred on by automation, artificial intelligence (AI), investment in information technology (IT) infrastructure, and other factors. To help users choose the most appropriate ATS tool for their business, this article reviews five of the best-rated applicant tracking software tools on Capterra UK, listed alphabetically. Each has a minimum average overall rating of 4.5 out of 5 stars and comes with key ATS features, such as job posting and candidate tracking. You can find the full methodology at the bottom of this article.A rundown of five of the top ATS tools on Capterra UK1. Applied  Applied’s jobs dashboard with search filters \[Source: Capterra\]Applied is an ATS recruitment software solution that aims to reduce bias in the hiring process and provide a more inclusive experience for candidates. The system anonymises applications and automates assessments while also enabling recruiters to take control of the review process. The product also includes a centralised database to store and manage resumes.  Applied 4.8 (26) Reviews View Profile reviews details features pros \& cons about reviews details This information was sourced from verified user reviews of Applied 5 22 4 4 3 0 2 0 1 0 Ease of Use 4.7 Customer Service 5.0 Value for Money 4.6 Verified reviewers "The platform is intuitive to use and walks you through the process to make sure your hiring is..." Read the full review Hayley Head of Operations and Product in UK features 6 of 8 This information was sourced from Applied Background Screening Job Posting Assessment Management Self Service Portal Job Requisition Onboarding Resume Parsing Resume Search pros \& cons This information was sourced from verified user reviews of Applied Pros: The customer service team is very responsive and are able to fix issues quickly. Whenever I raise any requests or concerns in regards to the system, they are dealt with adequately. Read more Cons: The UI can be a little clunky and it can be difficult to share the responses with hiring managers. Read more about This information was sourced from Applied Who Uses Applied? People and culture-focused organisations that want to showcase their values and mission through inclusive, candidate-first recruitment. For leaders... Read more Countries available Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore, United Kingdom, United States Languages English Read more Share Share Aside from some add-ons, like cognitive and numerical skills tests, Applied offers essential recruitment features, including:Application and job management with skill-based shortlistingJob board integrationsCandidate sentiment and review scoringGendered language detectionCV anonymisation and scoringAutomated feedback for every candidateDiversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) funnel data and reportingStructured scheduled interviews with job simulation and automated feedbackInterested users can visit Applied’s website and book a demo for more information on features and pricing. Read More 2. Eploy Jobs dashboard filtered by status types and interview pipelines \[Source: Capterra\]Eploy is an ATS and talent acquisition system that can be used by HR professionals and recruiters. The platform helps users manage applicants, schedule interviews, and enable collaboration within teams on a centralised hub. It connects with over 1,000 job boards, integrates with various networking tools, and helps users follow up with applicants through personalised emails and SMS texts.  Eploy 4.7 (106) Reviews Visit Website reviews details features pros \& cons about reviews details This information was sourced from verified user reviews of Eploy 5 77 4 28 3 1 2 0 1 0 Ease of Use 4.5 Customer Service 4.9 Value for Money 4.7 Verified reviewers + "Overall, our experience with Eploy has been positive. Its a robust ATS that supports our recruitment..." Read the full review Scott Head Of Talent Acquisition and Onboarding in UK features 9 of 9 This information was sourced from Eploy Careers Page Resume Parsing Application Management Pipeline Management Background Screening Job Management Interview Scheduling Resume Storage Assessment Management pros \& cons This information was sourced from verified user reviews of Eploy Pros: Eploy is making regular improvements to their software which is part of the package (so no extra costs) which is great and training for this is always provided. Read more Cons: Sometimes difficult to deal with large number of applicants. Read more about This information was sourced from Eploy Who Uses Eploy? Eploy combines Applicant Tracking, Recruitment CRM, Talent Pool Engagement, Onboarding and Analytics into a unified web-based platform. Read more Countries available Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua \& Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia , Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia \& Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo - Brazzaville, Congo - Kinshasa, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands, Faroe Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong SAR China, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Isle of Man, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jersey, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macao SAR China, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norfolk Island, North Macedonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestinian Territories, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Réunion, Samoa, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, St Helena, St Kitts \& Nevis, St Lucia, St Martin, St Pierre \& Miquelon, St Vincent \& the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, São Tomé \& Príncipe, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad \& Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Turks \& Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Türkiye, US Virgin Islands, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Wallis \& Futuna, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Åland Islands and 218 others Languages English Read more Share Share The tool’s ‘Talent Pools’ feature enables recruiters to create and manage a skills library of desired skills, and then match candidates against these skill sets. Search queries can also be saved and shared with colleagues for better collaboration. The platform also comes with a recruitment campaign manager to launch campaigns and measure results according to pre-determined metrics.Additional features include:Mobile-first hiring manager portalApplication managementCandidate portal with a profile page, the ability to upload documents and utilize digital signature toolsCV storage capabilitiesRecruiter module with analytics, job applicant tracking, and a quick match toolAgency supplier portalInterview scheduler and job offer senderInterested users can visit the platform’s website for pricing information. Visit Website 3. EVA-REC Reporting/analytics on EVA-REC dashboard \[Source: Capterra\]EVA-REC is an ATS recruitment software that can be used by recruiting businesses in virtually every sector to leverage AI tech in their hiring processes. The platform enables users to automate various hiring tasks such as filtering resumes and scheduling interviews. Candidates in the hiring process can be automatically kept updated via automated triggers that are dependent on pre-determined criteria. Users can also create multiple customisable hiring pipelines per open job vacancy to ensure a more bespoke approach towards hiring for key skill sets. Elevatus 4.8 (82) Reviews View Profile reviews details features pros \& cons about reviews details This information was sourced from verified user reviews of Elevatus 5 68 4 13 3 1 2 0 1 0 Ease of Use 4.8 Customer Service 4.9 Value for Money 4.8 Verified reviewers "Good" Read the full review Maimonah Recruitment specialist in Saudi Arabia features 9 of 12 This information was sourced from Elevatus Matching Engine Job Management Applicant Tracking Resume Posting Resume Parsing Customisable Branding Application Management Resume Database Resume Search Reporting \& Statistics Candidate Profiles Job Search/Filter pros \& cons This information was sourced from verified user reviews of Elevatus Pros: The software is professional, user friendly and an integrated hiring platform. Read more Cons: No learning curve required, unlike existing solutions out there. Read more about This information was sourced from Elevatus Who Uses Elevatus? Elevatus is suitable for middle to large, enterprise companies and industries of all sorts. From government, telecommunications, healthcare, banking... Read more Countries available Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua \& Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia , Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia \& Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo - Brazzaville, Congo - Kinshasa, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands, Faroe Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong SAR China, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Isle of Man, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jersey, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macao SAR China, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norfolk Island, North Macedonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestinian Territories, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Réunion, Samoa, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, St Helena, St Kitts \& Nevis, St Lucia, St Martin, St Pierre \& Miquelon, St Vincent \& the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, São Tomé \& Príncipe, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad \& Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Turks \& Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Türkiye, US Virgin Islands, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Wallis \& Futuna, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Åland Islands and 218 others Languages Arabic, English Read more Share Share AI tools within the platform help users shortlist and rank candidates based on specific criteria to save time spent on manual resume parsing. The platform also allows users to create a centralised resume database with filters to match candidates against open positions.Via this tool, users can also conduct the following tasks:Posting job ads on the business’s branded career page and on over 2,000 boards automaticallyApplication managementSourcing, reviewing, and scheduling of interviews, as well as sending job offers and accepting the signatures of candidates in one placeOptimising keywords and tweaking candidate preferences using AI-powered filtersChecking referencesRanking and sorting candidates from the highest to least fit using AI-enabled matchingIntegration with Coursera and Udemy to enhance candidate’s skill setsCollaboration with colleagues using built-in chat, Gmail, and Outlook synchronisationFor information on pricing and to book a demo of the software, interested users can visit the vendor’s website. Read more 4. Firefish Recruitment reports dashboard in Firefish \[Source: Capterra\]With this tool, HR specialists can identify market trends, as well as monitor the status of clients, candidates, recruiters, and jobs on an ongoing basis. Firefish users can set up their dashboards for access to the following tools:AI-based job generatorApplication managementResume storage and managementGraphs for visualising the status of ads, candidates, and salesMetrics and reports for tracking business key performance indicators (KPIs)Two-way SMS texting, email tracking, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) calling, and interview scheduling and managementCandidate alerts, plus engagement tracking and support for receiving speculative CVsGraphs to compare team activities and performance Firefish 4.6 (291) Reviews View Profile reviews details features pros \& cons about reviews details This information was sourced from verified user reviews of Firefish 5 192 4 78 3 20 2 0 1 1 Ease of Use 4.6 Customer Service 4.7 Value for Money 4.6 Verified reviewers + "I think firefish is a great platform and the support functions are excellent." Read the full review Nikki Senior Recruitment Consultant in UK features 3 of 9 This information was sourced from Firefish Training Management Compensation Management Applicant Tracking HR Management Employee Management Self Service Portal Goal Setting/Tracking Employee Profiles Background Screening pros \& cons This information was sourced from verified user reviews of Firefish Pros: Since using Firefish it has been so much easier to manage our candidate database and active roles. The system is very intuitive and user friendly which was a deciding factor when reviewing systems. Read more Cons: Some drop downs are global so can't be changed. Read more about This information was sourced from Firefish Who Uses Firefish? Firefish is recruitment software built by recruiters, for recruiters. Accelerating profitable growth for the recruitment agencies of tomorrow. Read more Countries available Albania, American Samoa, Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia \& Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada , Cook Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Guam, Guernsey, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Kiribati, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Nauru, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, North Macedonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Norway, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Samoa, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tonga, Tuvalu, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Wallis \& Futuna, Åland Islands and 66 others Languages English Read more Share Share Firefish offers a pricing scheme with three subscription plans, starting with the Basic paid package. While it features a basic customer relation management (CRM) and ATS package with a LinkedIn Chrome extension and multi-job posting support, it only comes with two reports dashboards. By comparison, the Professional plan comes with ten dashboards, while the Enterprise plan grants users access to 20 reports dashboards in all. The Basic plan also excludes a candidate portal, hiring manager portal, forecast manager, eSignature, talent pool, and potential matches. There is no free trial or freeware version of Firefish, but on-demand demos are available online. Read More 5. Talos ATS Interview scheduling template on Talos ATS software \[Source: Capterra\]Using Talos ATS, recruiters can invite candidates, manage interviews, access analytics, utilise integrations, and benefit from free job ads. Via this platform, users can advertise on job boards, share vacancies on various social media platforms, and even build their own talent pool. Users can create their own careers page via a drag-and-drop editor which also features an advanced search facility. The platform allows users to create custom workflows for vacancies and generate their own intake and application forms via the in-built form builder which comes with pre-built templates. In terms of candidate management, the platform offers CV parsing, scorecards to rank candidates, SMS and automated emails, and more. In addition, it offers the following tools:The creation of a branded jobs page with CV uploads, one-click application, and video playbackResume storage and managementCustom templates for interviews and job offersCandidate scorecards, reference uploads, disclosure and barring service (DBS) checks, demographics, and hiring reportsCandidate pipeline with built-in profile, screening, and video interviewing toolsSelf-select interview slots and SMS interview remindersOnboarding website with downloadable induction material Talos ATS 4.6 (122) Reviews View Profile reviews details features pros \& cons about reviews details This information was sourced from verified user reviews of Talos ATS 5 80 4 39 3 2 2 1 1 0 Ease of Use 4.6 Customer Service 4.8 Value for Money 4.5 Verified reviewers "Overall, we are very happy with Talos ATS - the support function is the best I've ever seen with a..." Read the full review Vickie L\&D Manager in UK features 0 of 0 This information was sourced from Talos ATS pros \& cons This information was sourced from verified user reviews of Talos ATS Pros: It's really beneficial that the adverts get posted to a number of different job boards as well as being integrated to our Wey Education website. Read more Cons: Was a little difficult to integrate into our HR system initially. Read more about This information was sourced from Talos ATS Who Uses Talos ATS? Our UK clients include Homebase, Furniture Village, Hickorys and farmfoods. With Talos you can save time and money, whilst creating a great candidate... Read more Countries available Guernsey, Ireland, Isle of Man, Jersey, United Kingdom, United States Languages English Read more Share Share The platform is available via two different plans: TalosPro and TalosEnterpise, both of which can be opted for without needing to pay set up fees. The Pro plan offers free job advertising, video interviews, automated workflows, and more. The higher tier Enterprise plan offers an onboarding suite, tools to enable unbiased hiring, and video screening, amongst other features.  Read More How to choose the right applicant tracking system for your businessTo determine the best applicant tracking system software, HR professionals should not only consider how user-friendly and feature-rich the software is, but they must also evaluate how well it matches their budget, market, and hiring needs. For example, it’s important to consider how factors such as the set-up fee cost, add-on costs for essential features, such as texting, eSignature, or API support, or limited access or paywalls for specific job boards could affect the usability of the tool in question.Looking for applicant tracking software? Check out our catalogue. ## Disclaimer > MethodologyTo be considered for this report, products had to justify the following criteria as of September 2023:The tools in our list justify Capterra’s definition of applicant tracking software: ‘Applicant Tracking Software allows organisations to manage the hiring process by maintaining a database of applicants and job information. Applicant Tracking solutions can be used by organisations to collect applicants' information and then filter, grade, and match candidates' skills against job requirements. Many Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) include an interface that allows recruiters to manage all of an organisation's job openings.’All five software companies have their headquarters in the UK.They have the following core features: candidate profiles, candidate tracking, and job posting.They have a minimum average overall rating of 4.5/5 stars over the past two years (18th September 2021 to 18th September 2023).All tools have had over 20 user reviews over the past two years (18th September 2021 to 18th September 2023).From there, the five products with the highest average overall rating were selected for inclusion. ## About the authors ### Eduardo Garcia Eduardo is a Content Analyst for the UK. Providing research and digital tech tips for SMBs. MA in Journalism and in Diplomatic Studies. Animal loving, sea revering, Mancunian. ### David Jani David is a Content Analyst for the UK, providing key insights into tech, software and business trends for SMEs. Cardiff University graduate. He loves traveling, cooking and F1. ## Related Software - [Eploy](https://www.capterra.co.uk/software/57830/eploy) — 4.7/5 (106 reviews) - [Firefish](https://www.capterra.co.uk/software/113590/firefish) — 4.6/5 (291 reviews) - [Talos ATS](https://www.capterra.co.uk/software/185522/talos) — 4.6/5 (122 reviews) - [Applied](https://www.capterra.co.uk/software/187919/applied) — 4.8/5 (26 reviews) - [Elevatus](https://www.capterra.co.uk/software/215969/eva-rec) — 4.8/5 (82 reviews) ## Related Categories - [Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS)](https://www.capterra.co.uk/directory/30060/applicant-tracking/software) - [Attendance Tracking Software](https://www.capterra.co.uk/directory/30527/attendance-tracking/software) - [Benefits Administration Software](https://www.capterra.co.uk/directory/10025/benefits-administration/software) - [Talent Management Software](https://www.capterra.co.uk/directory/10029/talent-management/software) - [Workforce Management Software](https://www.capterra.co.uk/directory/30210/workforce-management/software) ## Related Articles - [Why is performance management important in employee retention?](https://www.capterra.co.uk/blog/4225/why-is-performance-management-important-in-employee-retention) - [Has hybrid or remote work impacted work culture in the UK?](https://www.capterra.co.uk/blog/3092/remote-hybrid-work-and-toxic-workplace-culture-uk) - [COVID-19 rushes decision-makers globally into digital transformation](https://www.capterra.co.uk/blog/1617/covid-19-rushes-decision-makers-globally-into-digital-transformation) - [On-premise vs cloud: which option is better for your company?](https://www.capterra.co.uk/blog/1328/on-premise-vs-cloud-software-which-one-is-better-for-your-company) - [The benefits of apprenticeships for employers](https://www.capterra.co.uk/blog/1216/the-benefits-of-apprenticeships-for-employers) ## Links - [View on Capterra](https://www.capterra.co.uk/blog/3253/Best-applicant-tracking-systems-in-the-UK) - [Blog](https://www.capterra.co.uk/blog) - [Home](https://www.capterra.co.uk/) ----- ## Structured Data